Understanding Uveal Melanoma: A Rare but Serious Eye Cancer
Submitted by: Joshua Huang
Reviewed and approved by: Dr. Marie-Josée Aubin, Dr. Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen
What is Uveal Melanoma?
Uveal melanoma (commonly referred to as ‘intraocular melanoma’) encompasses melanomas that arise in the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, all of which make up the uvea or uveal tract. The uvea is the second most common location for the development of melanoma, after the skin, and uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults. Although it is rare (it affects 5 adults out of 1 million people each year), it can lead to vision loss, eye loss and even death.
Symptoms
Although most patients are asymptomatic, symptoms can include:
- Blurry vision
- Flashes or photopsia
- Floaters or spots in your vision
- Visual field loss
- Visible dark spot on your iris
- Pain (uncommon)
Risk Factors
- Older individuals (peak age of 70)
- Existing skin moles,iris or choroidal nevi
- Fair skin and light eye colour
- Skin that burns easily with an inability to tan
- Arc welding
- Indoor suntan bed use
- Note: Although sunlight is a risk factor for cancers of the skin and the ocular surface, its association with uveal melanoma is controversial and has not been established
Diagnosis
- Complete eye examination, including a dilated view of the back of the eye (fundus)
- Ocular ultrasonography (B-scan)
Treatment Options
- Based on size and location
- Includes observation, resection, radiation therapy, or enucleation
- Immunotherapy if the cancer has spread (metastasis)
Conclusion
Despite advancing uveal melanoma treatment modalities, there has been no change in survival over the last 50 years. Therefore, awareness and prevention are critical to improving outcomes. talk to your doctor or eye care provider for a complete annual eye exam.
COS Forum 2025: Eyes on Tomorrow
Join us for an accredited, free webinar focused on the future of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society and the evolving landscape of vision care. This webinar will take place on January 23, at 7:00 PM EST.
Hear from speakers on key topics, including: Advocacy in Eye Health Barriers, Corneal Donation, Ergonomics and Injury Prevention, Ethical Considerations in Ophthalmology, and Annual Meeting Updates: 2025 AI Stream Preview.
After this session, participants will:
- Understand how COS is advocating for policy changes at the government level to improve eye care accessibility and quality.
- Be more aware of the latest information on ergonomics and injury prevention and how the profession is affected by injury. Present the latest updates on funding opportunities to CMA and outputs related to project development.
- Know more of the status of the COS Annual Meeting in 2025 and provide information about our new stream on Artificial Intelligence.
- Understand the importance of ethics in our profession and learn about the virtues exemplified by the ethical physician.
Join Dr. Nina Ahuja, Chair of the Council on Advocacy for the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, as she explores the multifaceted role of advocacy in ophthalmology. Discover how advocacy shapes clinical practice, drives research, raises public awareness, and influences health policy. Learn actionable strategies to amplify our collective voice, inspire meaningful change, and ensure a future of eye care defined by inclusivity, innovation, and excellence.
*Elisabeth Fowler covers this topic in our French Forum on January 29.
Dr. Adam Muzychuk shares exciting updates on the planning process and highlights of what to expect at the 2025 COS Annual Meeting in Vancouver. As the COS Annual Meeting Chair and a new member of the COS Board, Dr. Muzychuk discusses how the event is shaping up to be an extraordinary experience for Canadian ophthalmologists, featuring world-renowned experts across every subspecialty.
*Dr. Mona Dagher covers this topic in our French Forum on January 29.
Dr. Samir Jabbour delves into current guidelines on corneal donation and their impact on the Canadian eye banking system. His presentation will address the specific limitations faced by corneal donors from the MSM community and explore future opportunities to improve these regulations.
Dr. Chryssa McAlister runs a diverse comprehensive ophthalmology practice with an academic focus on bioethics and organizes the biennial Macrae Bioethics and Professionalism Course for senior ophthalmology residents. McAlister is a frequent speaker at conferences on topics of bioethics in ophthalmology and medical education. Her presentation will highlight how to cultivate virtues in a business model of ophthalmology.
Dr. R. Rishi Gupta is on a mission to educate every Canadian Ophthalmologist on injury prevention and ergonomics. His presentation will highlight the strong collaboration and efforts of the newly established COS working group, and their lofty goals for the years to come. Not to worry – we’ve got your back!
*Dr. Cyril Archambault covers this topic in our French Forum on January 29.
Our COS President, Dr. Mona Dagher, will be moderating the session.
Together, let’s explore the future of ophthalmology in Canada.
2025 EPSAA Scientific Meeting
The Eye Physicians and Surgeons Association of Alberta is proud to announce that the 2025 Scientific Meeting and AGM is scheduled to take place from February 7th to February 8th, 2025 in Banff, Alberta.
From this program, learners are expected to:
- Discuss modern approaches to diabetic retinopathy;
- Build knowledge of contemporary neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses;
- Evaluate approaches to glaucoma care;
- Build knowledge of clinical presentations and risk factors for visual loss due to systemic medications;
- Update knowledge on novel research being performed by resident physicians in Alberta.
The 2025 Eye Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta Annual Scientific Meeting is an Accredited Group Learning Activity (Section 1), as defined by the Maintenance of Certification Program of The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and was approved by the Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Physicians may claim a maximum of 5.5 hours.
More program details are included in the PDF below. For more information on registration, click HERE.
Whistler Cataract and Retina Update: Innovations and Insights
The Providence Health Department of Ophthalmology is pleased to announce that they will be hosting an in-person event called: Whistler Cataract and Retina Update: Innovations and Insights.
This one day event will bring together specialists for a day of learning with a focus on the integration of advanced IOL technologies in retina care to enhance surgical and patient outcomes.
When: Friday, February 28, 2025
Time: 8AM-4PM
Conference Location
Nita Lake Lodge
2131 Lake Placid Rd
Whistler, BC V8E 0B2
Directions/Map
Registration to this event includes: Course materials, welcome breakfast, lunch, refreshments and more!
Interested in registering? Click HERE for more information!
Tuesdays with the Titans: Ophthalmology Update & Review Lecture Series
The University of Alberta and ACUPO are eager to present: Tuesdays with the Titans: Ophthalmology Update and Review Lecture Series. This is a series of webinars that will be hosted on Tuesday evenings from 5:30 – 7:30 PM, MST. Learners are expected to:
- Apply the latest updates in comprehensive ophthalmology
- Review the 10 ophthalmic subspecialties prior to OKAP and the Royal College written exams.
The schedule is as follows:
Date | Speaker | Topic | University |
January 7th, 2025 | Alex Kaplan | Uveitis | University of Toronto |
January 14th, 2025 | Michel Belliveau | Oculoplastics | University of Ottawa, Queens University |
January 21st, 2025 | Ike Ahmed | Cataract | University of Toronto, University of Utah |
January 28th, 2025 | Kamiar Mireskandari and Crystal Cheung | Pediatrics | University of Toronto |
February 4th, 2025 | James Farmer | Pathology | University of Ottawa, Queens University |
February 11th, 2025 | Delan Jinapraya | Glaucoma | Queens University |
February 18th, 2025 | Hall Chew | Cornea | University of British Columbia |
February 25th, 2025 | Paul Grewal | Retina | University of Alberta |
March 4th, 2025 | Rahul Sharma and Claire Sheldon | Neuro-Ophthalmology | University of Toronto, University of British Columbia |
March 11th, 2025 | Michael Wan | Optics | University of Toronto |
These webinars are eligible for MOC Section 1 Credits. Please contact ovsadmin@ualberta.ca for registration information.
Maximize Your MOC Credits
To ensure you make the most of your learning activities, the Canadian Ophthalmological Society has curated some resources to help you maximize your MOC credits.
Discover how to make the most of your CPD activities and maximize your MOC credits throughout the year. This interactive mini-module guides you through a practical case study featuring Dr. Smith, who demonstrates how to turn diverse learning activities into optimal credit opportunities.
For the best user experience, we recommend accessing the course on a computer using a web browser. However, the module can still be accessed on a mobile device.
Joint Position Statement on the Use of Patented Microcurrent Technology for Dry AMD
The Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) and Canadian Retina Society (CRS) advise caution when considering a new microcurrent treatment for dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While early studies suggest it may help, there isn’t enough long-term evidence to confirm its safety or effectiveness. Retinal specialists, given their extensive expertise in managing age-related macular degeneration, recommend that patients and doctors discuss the treatment carefully and understand its limitations before deciding. The joint position statement is available to read below:
COS – THE EYECAN PODCAST- New Season!
The podcast features guest speakers from across Canada and innovative practitioners from around the world discussing diverse topics and how they impact ophthalmology. Topics range from emerging techniques and technologies to building individual resilience as Canadian physicians. Through it all, this podcast aims to build connections within the ophthalmological community, share our experiences, and to truly promote the value the profession brings to the lives of patients.
Episode Guide Season 5
Episode Guide Season 4
Episode 1: Sustainability in Ophthalmology w/guest Dr. Marie-Claude Robert Episode 2: Age-related Macular Degeneration w/guest Dr. Ravi Dookeran Episode 3: Dr. Phil Hooper, COS President – President’s Episode Episode 4: Myopia – Can we slow down the growth? w/guest Dr. Vivian Hill Episode 5: Upcoming Challenges in Retina w/guest Dr. Shaheer Aboobaker Episode 6: Genetic Testing w/guest Dr. Sarah Chorfi Episode 7: Barriers to Corneal Donations w/guest Dr. Samir Jabbour Episode 8: Physician Wellness w/guest Dr. Nina Ahuja Episode 9: Dry eye disease w/guest Dr. Louis Racine Episode 10: Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology w/guest Dr. Delan Jinapriya Episode 11: Ophthalmology in Academia w/guest Dr. Sherif El-Defrawy |
Episode Guide Season 3
Episode 1: Dr. Phil Hooper, COS President – Vision for 2023 and Beyond Episode 2: Fixing Canadian Health Care w/guest Dr. Robert Bell Episode 3: Advocacy, Awareness and the National Vision Health Desk w/guest Dr. Vivian Hill Episode 4: The Patient’s Journey w/guest Doug Purdy Episode 5: Women in Ophthalmology w/guest Dr. Yvonne Buys & co-hosts Dr. Mona Dagher and Dr. Hady Saheb Episode 6: Physician Health and Wellness, w/guest Susan Biali Haas Episode 7: Dealing with Complaints Against your Practice w/guest Rishi Gupta Episode 8: Ocular Oncology w/guest Dr. Carol Shields Episode 9: Innovations in Retina Therapies w/guest Dr. David Brown Episode 10: Artificial Intelligence w/guest Dr. Netan Choudhry Episode 11: Tele-ophthalmology w/guest Dr. David Maberley Episode 12: Canadian Ophthalmological Society Foundation w/guest Dr. Guillermo Rocha |
Episode Guide Season 2
Episode 1: Intro to Season 2 and Part 1 of w/guest Lauren Brecher Episode 2: Intro to Season 2 and Part 2 of w/guest Lauren Brecher Episode 3: Being a resident today w/guest Dr. Michael Nguyen Episode 4: Host Dr. Guillermo Rocha interviews another host, Dr. Setareh Ziai. Episode 5: Strabismus Surgery w/guest Dr. Yi Ning J. Strube Episode 6: Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion w/guest Dr. Nupura Bakshi Episode 7: 2022 at the Canadian Ophthalmological Society w/guest Dr. Colin Mann Episode 8: Talking Markets and Investments with MD Financial w/guest Craig Maddock and Ian Taylor Episode 9: Bioinformatics, deep learning, and clinical epidemiology w/guest Dr. Cecilia Lee Episode 10: Mindfulness and Physician Wellness w/guest Dr. Agnes Wong Episode 11: Global Ophthalmology w/guest Dr. Vivian Yin |
Episode Guide Season 1
Episode 1: Podcast introduction and working in COVID Episode 2: Gene Therapy ft. Dr. Robert K. Koenekoop Episode 3: Innovation in Glaucoma ft. Dr. Hady Saheb Episode 4: COVID-19 Second wave and beyond ft. Dr. James Chodosh Episode 5: Navigating Retirement ft. Dr. Yvonne Buys Episode 6: Physician Wellness w/guest Dr. Nina Ahuja Episode 7:The COS in 2021 w/guests Dr. Colin Mann and Elisabeth Fowler Episode 8: Competence by Design w/guest Dr. Stephanie Baxter Episode 9: The Eye Bank w/guest Dr. Clara Chan Episode 10: Innovating During a Pandemic w/guest Dr. Ike Ahmed Episode 11: Physician-focused Financial Advice w/MD Financial Management |
Diabetes Awareness Month
November is Diabetes Awareness Month, a time to highlight the critical role ophthalmologists play in managing diabetic eye disease. To support your practice, the Practice Resource Centre has compiled a curated list of insightful journal articles, clinical guidelines, and patient resources focused on diabetic retinopathy and related complications. Explore these valuable tools to stay informed and enhance patient care.
For Guidelines:
Diabetes Canada – Diabetic Retinopathy Guidelines
American Academy of Ophthalmology – Guidelines on Diabetic Eye Care
For Articles:
Retinal Physician – The Evolution of Clinical Trial Endpoints for Diabetic Retinopathy
JMIR Diabetes – Implementation of Artificial Intelligence–Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Quebec: Prospective Validation Study
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology – Spectral-domain OCT characteristics of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci associated with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology – Long-term visual outcomes and fluid compartment changes in limited-early versus early response to anti-VEGF treatment for diabetic macular edema
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology – https://www.canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca/article/S0008-4182(24)00173-X/abstract
For Consensus Statements:
Ophthalmology and Therapy – Diabetic Disease of the Eye in Canada: Consensus Statements from a Retina Specialist Working Group
For Correspondence:
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology – Acute bilateral diabetic papillopathy in a child